A Oneindia Venture
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Accounting Policies of Incon Engineers Ltd. Company
Mar 31, 2026
1 Corporate information:
The Company was incorporated on 13.02.1970. At present the Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing of Chemical process equipment and the related Spares.
These statements are prepared complying in all material respects with the notified Accounting Standards by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India.
The financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except for financial instruments which have been measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as required by relevant Ind AS and as explained in the accounting policies mentioned below.
These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for Issuance in their meeting held on May 29, 2026
3 Material Accounting policies:a) Significant accounting estimates,assumptions, and judgements:
The preparation of Company''s financial statements requires management to make accounting estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures of contingencies at the end of the reporting period. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.
Estimates and Assumptions:
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation of uncertainty at the reporting date, which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The assumptions and estimates made by the company are based on parameters available/prevailing when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
i. Impairment of non-current assets:
Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal is calculated based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow (âDCFâ) model. The value in use is sensitive to the discount rate (generally weighted average cost of capital) used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for exploration purposes.
The present value of the gratuity obligation is determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, rate of increment in salaries and mortality rates. Due to complexities involved in the valuation and its long-termnature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All the assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
iii. Fair Value measurement of financial instruments:
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities on reporting date cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques i.e., the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets.
Management judgement is required for estimating the possible inflow/outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/claims/litigations against the company/by the company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
v. Property, Plant and Equipment:
Based on evaluations done by the technical assessment team, the management has adopted the useful life and residual value of its Property, Plant and Equipment. Management believes that the assigned useful lives and residual value are reasonable.
vi. Intangible Assets:
Internal technical or user team assess the useful lives of Intangible assets. Management believes that assigned useful lives are reasonable.
Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets/liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying amount of deferred tax assets/liabilities. The factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the financial statements.
viii. Lifetime Expected Credit Loss onTrade Receivables and Other Receivables:
Trade Receivables and Other Receivablesdo not carry any interest and are stated at their transaction value as reduced by lifetime expected credit losses (âLTECLâ). Management has evaluated LTECL for different class of its debtors as follows:
|
Particulars |
Up to 365 Days |
365-730 Days |
730-1095 Days |
1095-1460 Days |
Beyond 1460 Days |
|
Expected loss Rate (%) |
0.00 |
50.00 |
75.00 |
100.00 |
Write off |
b) Current Vs Non-current classifications
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.
An asset is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
i. Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
iii. Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
iv. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current assets.
A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
i. Expected to settle the liability in normal operating cycle;
ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
iii. Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
iv. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. However, a period of 12 months is considered as ultimate operating cycle.
c) Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost net of input credits, less accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of property, plant and equipment which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
The company adopted cost model as its accounting policy in recognition of the property, Plant and Equipment and recognises the transaction value as the cost.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred.
Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant, and equipment under installation/under development as at the balance sheet date.
An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising from derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Property, Plant and Equipment which are found to be not usable or retired from active use or when no further benefits are expected from their use are removed from the books of account and the carrying value if any is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Assets costing five thousand rupees or less are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment is provided based on the useful lives of the assets as estimated by the Management, which are in line with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013
Estimated useful life of the assets are as follows:
|
Type of the Asset |
Method of Depreciation |
Useful life considered (Years) |
|
Buildings |
SLM |
30 |
|
Plant and Equipment |
SLM |
5-15 |
|
Furniture and Fittings |
SLM |
10 |
|
Data Processing Equipment |
SLM |
3-6 |
|
Office Equipment |
SLM |
5 |
Computer software: Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated using straight line method on management''s estimate of useful lives of such software, which ranges from 3 to 5 years.
e) Impairment of non-financial assets:
i. The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
ii. Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for the asset no longer exist or have decreased.The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.
f) Leases:
The determination of whether an agreement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Classification on inception of lease:
a. Operating lease:
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases.
b. Finance Lease:
A lease is classified as a financial lease where the lessor transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of the leased item.
Accounting of Operating leases:
a. Where the Company is the lessee:
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (âROUâ) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for Cancellable leases and short- term leases having a lease term up to 36 months. For remaining leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. In case the escalation in operating lease payments is in line with the expected general inflation rate then the lease payments are charged to statement of profit and loss instead of straight-line method.
b. where the Company is the lessor:
Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc., are added to the carrying amount of the leased assets and recognised as an expense over the lease term.
g) Inventories:
i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares and Consumables are stated at lower of Cost and Net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not
written down below cost in which they will be incorporated and expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.
ii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products, loose tools, and other stocks in trade are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.
iii. Cost includes direct materials, labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on a FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods includes excise duty wherever applicable. The cost of traded goods includes purchase and allied costs incurred to bring inventory to its present condition and location.
iv. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
h) Revenue recognition:
Revenue from contracts with customers includes Sale of Goods and Services and is recognised when control of goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable and is recognized when the control in all respects over the Goods or Services is transferred to and accepted by the customer and the company has not retained any significant risks of ownership and future obligations with respect to such Goods or Services. Specifically, the following basis is adopted for various sources of income:
i. Sale of goods: Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer and is disclosed net off discounts, taxes collected and returns.
ii. Income from Services: Revenue is recognized as and when the Services are rendered as per the terms of the individual Service Contract.
iii. Interest: Interest Income is recognisedon a timeproportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
i) Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
j) Retirement and other employee benefits:
i. Employer''s contribution to Provident Fund/Employee State Insurance, which is in the nature of defined contribution scheme is expensed off when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the fund.
ii. The company operates a gratuity plan which is in the nature of defined benefit obligation. The company''s liability is provided based on independent actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year as per the requirements of Ind AS 19 on âEmployee Benefitsâ.
iii. Gratuity liability is considered as post-employment benefit expense as per Ind AS -19. Accordingly, re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in the retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.
iv. Accumulated leaves, which are expected to be utilised within the next twelve months, are treated as short-term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.
k) Earnings Per Share:
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
l) Provisions:
Provisions are recognised when there is a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, as a result of a past event, when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
Any reimbursement that the Company can be virtually certain to collect from a third party with respect to the obligation is recognised as a separate asset. However, this asset may not exceed the amount of the related provisions.
Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the obligation, the provisions are reversed. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
m) Contingencies:
Where it is not probable that an inflow or an outflow of economic resources will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the asset or the obligation is not recognised in the statement of balance sheet and is disclosed as a contingent asset or contingent liability. Possible outcomes on obligations/rights, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events are also disclosed as contingent assets or contingent liabilities.
n) Taxes on Income:
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Current tax includes taxes to be paid on the profit earned during the year and for the prior periods.
Deferred income taxes are provided based on the balance sheet approach considering the temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The company writes off the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-off is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
o) Prior period items:
In case prior period adjustments are material in nature the company prepares the restated financial statement as required under Ind AS 8 - âAccounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errorsâ. In case of immaterial items pertaining to prior periods shown under respective items in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
p) Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and at bank, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investment with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and are held for meeting short-term cash commitments.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and shortterm deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.
q) Segment Reporting: dentification of Segments:
The company''s operating business are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the company operate. Operating Segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the Executive Manager/ Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).
The Board of Directors of the company has identified Managing Director as the CODM.
Allocation of Common Costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
Unallocated Items:
The corporate and other segment includes general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.
r) Financial instruments:
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.
a. Initial recognition and measurement:
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the statement of profit or loss. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
b. Subsequent measurement:
For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in to following categories
a. Debt instruments at amortised cost
b. Debt Instruments at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
c. Equity instruments at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
a. Debts Instruments at amortised cost:
A âDebt Instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
i. The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
ii. Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.
b. Debt Instruments at Fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL):
As per the Ind AS 101 and Ind AS 109, the Company is permitted to designate the previously recognised financial asset at initial recognition irrevocably at fair value through profit and loss on the basis of fact and circumstances that exists on the date of transition to Ind AS. Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss.
c. Equity instruments at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL):
Equity instruments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. Subsequent changes in the fair values at each reporting date are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
c. Derecognition:
A financial asset or where applicable, a part of a financial asset is primarily derecognised when:
a. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
b. The company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a âpass-through'' arrangement~ and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset but has transferred control of the asset.
When the company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the company''s continuing involvement.In that case, the company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred assets and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the company has retained.
d. Impairment of financial assets:
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies the expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial instruments.
Expected credit loss is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive.
The management uses a provision matrix to determine the impairment loss on the portfolio of trade and other receivables. Provision matrix is based on its historically observed expected credit loss rates over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjusted for forward looking estimates.
The expected credit loss allowance or reversal recognised during the period is recognised as income or expense, as the case may be, in the statement of profit and loss. In case of balance sheet, it is shown as an adjustment from the specific financial asset.
a. Initial recognition and measurement:
At initial recognition, all financial liabilities are recognised at fair value and in the case of loans, borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
b. Subsequent measurement:
i. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss. The company does not designate any financial liability at fair value through profit or loss.
ii. Financial liabilities at amortised cost:
Amortised cost, in the case of financial liabilities with maturity more than one year, is calculated by discounting the future cash flows with an effective interest rate. Effective interest rate amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Financial liability with maturity of less than one year is shown at transaction value.
c. Derecognition:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled, or expires. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit or loss as other income or finance costs.
The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date, which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either
⢠in the principal market for such asset or liability, or
⢠in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market which is accessible to the company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their best economic interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
a. Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
b. Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurements is directly or indirectly observable.
c. Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re assessing the categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
q) Recent pronouncements:
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (âMCAâ) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2026, MCA has notified an amendment to Ind AS - IPresentation of Financial statements which is applicable with effect from April 1, 2026. The Company has reviewed the new pronouncement and is of the opinion that the said amendment is not applicable to the Company.
Mar 31, 2025
3 Material Accounting policies:
a) Significant accounting estimates, assumptions, and judgements:
The preparation of Company''s financial statements requires management to make accounting
estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses,
assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures of contingencies at the end of the reporting
period. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a
material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.
Estimates and Assumptions:
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation of uncertainty at the
reporting date, which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts
of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The assumptions and
estimates made by the company are based on parameters available/prevailing when the financial
statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments,
however, may change due to market change or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of
the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
i. Impairment of non-current assets:
Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its
recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in
use. The fair value less costs of disposal is calculated based on available data from binding
sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices
less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a
Discounted Cash Flow (âDCFâ) model. The value in use is sensitive to the discount rate (generally
weighted average cost of capital) used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-
inflows and the growth rate used for exploration purposes.
ii. Defined Benefit Plans:
The present value of the gratuity obligation is determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial
valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the
future. These include the determination of the discount rate, rate of increment in salaries and
mortality rates. Due to complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined
benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All the assumptions are
reviewed at each reporting date.
iii. Fair Value measurement of financial instruments:
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities on reporting date cannot be
measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation
techniques i.e., the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets.
iv. Contingencies:
Management judgement is required for estimating the possible inflow/outflow of resources, if
any, in respect of contingencies/claims/litigations against the company/by the company as it is
not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
v. Property, Plant and Equipment:
Based on evaluations done by the technical assessment team, the management has adopted
the useful life and residual value of its Property, Plant and Equipment. Management believes
that the assigned useful lives and residual value are reasonable.
vi. Intangible Assets:
Internal technical or user team assess the useful lives of Intangible assets. Management believes
that assigned useful lives are reasonable.
vii. Income Taxes:
Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and deferred
tax assets/liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying amount of
deferred tax assets/liabilities. The factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome
which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the financial statements.
viii. Lifetime Expected Credit Loss on Trade Receivables and Other Receivables:
Trade Receivables and Other Receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at their
transaction value as reduced by lifetime expected credit losses (âLTECLâ). Management has
evaluated LTECL for different class of its debtors as follows:
b) Current Vs Non-current classifications
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current
classification.
An asset is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
i. Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
iii. Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
iv. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at
least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current assets.
A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
i. Expected to settle the liability in normal operating cycle;
ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
iii. Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
iv. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months
after the reporting period
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation
in cash and cash equivalents. However, a period of 12 months is considered as ultimate operating
cycle.
c) Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost net of input credits, less accumulated depreciation,
and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing
the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of property,
plant and equipment which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
The company adopted cost model as its accounting policy in recognition of the property, Plant and
Equipment and recognises the transaction value as the cost.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s carrying amount only when it is probable that
future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the cost of the
item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred.
Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant, and equipment under installation/under
development as at the balance sheet date.
An item of Property, Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic
benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising from derecognition of the asset (calculated
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Property, Plant and Equipment which are found to be not usable
or retired from active use or when no further benefits are expected from their use are removed from
the books of account and the carrying value if any is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Assets costing five thousand rupees or less are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment is provided based on the useful lives of the assets as
estimated by the Management, which are in line with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013
d) Intangibles:
Computer software: Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated using
straight line method on management''s estimate of useful lives of such software, which ranges from 3
to 5 years.
e) Impairment of non-financial assets:
i. The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication
of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the
greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its
remaining useful life.
ii. Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication
that the impairment losses recognised for the asset no longer exists or have decreased. The
reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable
amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation,
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.
f) Leases:
The determination of whether an agreement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the
arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the
arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement convey a right
to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Classification on inception of lease:
a. Operating lease:
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership
of the leased item, are classified as operating leases.
b. Finance Lease:
A lease is classified as a financial lease where the lessor transfers substantially all the risks and
rewards incidental to the ownership of the leased item.
Accounting of Operating leases:
a. Where the Company is the lessee:
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset (âROUâ)
and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for
Cancellable leases and short- term leases having a lease term up to 36 months. For remaining
leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line
basis over the period of the lease. In case the escalation in operating lease payments is in line
with the expected general inflation rate then the lease payments are charged to statement of
profit and loss instead of straight-line method.
b. where the Company is the lessor:
Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc., are added to the carrying
amount of the leased asset and recognised as an expense over the lease term.
g) Inventories:
i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares and Consumables are stated at lower of Cost and Net realizable
value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not
written down below cost in which they will be incorporated and expected to be sold at or above
cost. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.
ii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products, loose tools, and other stock in trade are
valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.
iii. Cost includes direct materials, labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on
normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on a FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods
includes excise duty wherever applicable. The cost of traded goods includes purchase and allied
costs incurred to bring inventory to its present condition and location.
iv. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated
costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
h) Revenue recognition:
Revenue from contracts with customers includes Sale of Goods and Services and is recognised when
control of goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration
entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable and is recognized when
the control in all respects, over the Goods or Services is transferred to and accepted by the customer
and the company has not retained any significant risks of ownership and future obligations with respect
to such Goods or Services. Specifically, the following basis is adopted for various sources of income:
i. Sale of goods: Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of
the goods have been passed to the buyer and is disclosed net off discounts, taxes collected and
returns.
ii. Income from Services: Revenue is recognized as and when the Services are rendered as per
the terms of the individual Service Contract.
iii. Interest: Interest Income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount
outstanding and the rate applicable.
i) Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that
necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised
as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they
occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the
borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an
adjustment to the borrowing costs.
j) Retirement and other employee benefits:
i. Employer''s contribution to Provident Fund/Employee State Insurance, which is in the nature of
defined contribution scheme is expensed off when the contributions to the respective funds are
due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the fund.
ii. The company operates a gratuity plan which is in the nature of defined benefit obligation. The
company''s liability is provided based on independent actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year as per the requirements of Ind AS 19 on âEmployee
Benefitsâ.
iii. Gratuity liability is considered as post-employment benefit expense as per Ind AS -19. Accordingly,
re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial
assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive
income. They are included in the retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in
the balance sheet.
iv. Accumulated leaves, which are expected to be utilised within the next twelve months, are treated
as short-term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences
as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months,
as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated
absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method
at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss
and are not deferred.
k) Earnings Per Share:
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to equity
shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the profit for the period attributable to equity
shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted
for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Mar 31, 2024
3. Material Accounting policies:
a) Significant accounting estimates,assumptions, and judgements:
The preparation of Company''s financial statements requires management to make accounting
estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses,
assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures of contingencies at the end of the reporting
period. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require
a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.
Estimates and Assumptions:
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation of uncertainty
at the reporting date, which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The
assumptions and estimates made by the company are based on parameters available/prevailing
when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about
future developments, however, may change due to market change or circumstances arising that
are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when
they occur.
i. Impairment of non-current assets:
Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its
recoverable amount, which is the higher of Its fair value less costs of disposal and its value
in use. The fair value less costs of disposal is calculated based on available data from
binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable
market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation
is based on a Discounted Cash Flow ("DCF") model. The value in use is sensitive to the
discount rate (generally weighted average cost of capital) used for the DCF model as well
as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for exploration purposes.
ii. Defined Benefit Plans:
The present value of the gratuity obligation is determined using actuarial valuation. An
actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual
developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, rate of
increment in salaries and mortality rates. Due to complexities involved in the valuation and
its long-termnature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these
assumptions. All the assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
iii. Fair Value measurement of financial instruments:
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities on reporting date cannot be
measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using
valuation techniques i.e., the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from
observable markets.
iv. Contingencies:
Management judgement is required for estimating the possible inflow/outflow of resources,
if any, in respect of contingencies/ciaims/litigations against the company/by the company
as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
v. Property, Plant and Equipment:
Based on evaluations done by the technical assessment team, the management has adopted
the useful life and residual value of its Property, Plant and Equipment. Management believes
that the assigned useful lives and residual value are reasonable.
vi. Intangible Assets:
Internal technical or user team assess the useful lives of Intangible assets. Management
believes that assigned useful lives are reasonable.
vii. Income Taxes:
Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and
deferred tax assets/liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying
amount of deferred tax assets/liabilities. The factors used in estimates may differ from
actual outcome which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the
financial statements.
viii. Lifetime Expected Credit Loss onTrade Receivables and Other Receivables:
Trade Receivables and Other Receivablesdo not carry any interest and are stated at their
transaction value as reduced by lifetime expected credit losses (âLTECL"). Management
has evaluated LTECL for different class of Its debtors as follows:
b) Current Vs Non-current classifications
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current
classification.
An asset is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
i. Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
iii. Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
iv. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at
least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current assets.
A liability is classified as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:
i. Expected to settle the liability in normal operating cycle;
ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
Hi. Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
iv. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months
after the reporting period
All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation
in cash and cash equivalents. However, a period of 12 months is considered as ultimate operating
cycle.
c) Property, Plant and Equipment;
Property. Plant and Equipment are stated at cost net of input credits, less accumulated depreciation,
and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing
the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of property,
plant and equipment which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
The company adopted cost model as its accounting policy in recognition of the property, Plant and
Equipment and recognises the transaction value as the cost.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s carrying amount only when it is probable that
future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the cost of the
item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred.
Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant, and equipment under installation/under
development as at the balance sheet date.
An item of Property. Plant and Equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic
benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising from derecognition of the asset (calculated
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Property, Plant and Equipment which are found to be not usable
or retired from active use or when no further benefits are expected from their use are removed from
the books of account and the carrying value if any is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Assets costing five thousand rupees or less are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment is provided based on the useful lives of the assets as
estimated by the Management, which are in line with Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013
d) Intangibles:
Computer software: Costs incurred towards purchase of computer software are depreciated using
straight line method on management''s estimate of useful lives of such software, which ranges from 3
to 5 years.
e) Impairment of non-financial assets:
i. The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication
of impairment based on intemal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the
greater of the asset s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated
future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its
remaining useful life.
ii. Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded when there is an indication
that the impairment losses recognised for the asset no longer exists or have decreased.The
reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable
amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation,
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.
f) Leases:
The determination of whether an agreement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the
arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is. or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the
arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement convey a right
to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Classification on inception of lease:
a. Operating lease:
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership
of the leased item, are classified as operating leases.
b. Finance Lease:
A lease is classified as a financial lease where the lessor transfers substantially all the risks and
rewards incidental to the ownership of the leased item.
Accounting of Operating leases:
a. Where the Company is the lessee:
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU")
and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for
Cancellable leases and short- term leases having a lease term up to 36 months. For remaining
leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line
basis over the period of the lease. In case the escalation in operating lease payments is in line
with the expected general inflation rate then the lease payments are charged to statement of
profit and loss instead of straight-line method.
b. where the Company is the lessor:
Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc., are added to the carrying
amount of the leased asset and recognised as an expense over the lease term.
g) Inventories:
i. Raw Materials, Stores and Spares and Consumables are stated at lower of Cost and Net realizable
value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not
written down below cost in which they will be incorporated and expected to be sold at or above
cost. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.
ii. Finished goods. Work in progress, Scrap, by-products, loose tools, and other stock in trade are
valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.
iii. Cost includes direct materials, labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on
normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on a FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods
includes excise duty wherever applicable. The cost of traded goods includes purchase and allied
costs incurred to bring inventory to its present condition and location,
iv. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated
costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
h) Revenue recognition:
Revenue from contracts with customers includes Sale of Goods and Services and is recognised when
control of goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration
entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
Revenue is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable and is recognized when
the control in all respects, over the Goods or Services is transferred to and accepted by the customer
and the company has not retained any significant risks of ownership and future obligations with respect
to such Goods or Services. Specifically, the following basis is adopted for various sources of income:
i. Sale of goods: Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of
the goods have been passed to the buyer and is disclosed net off discounts, taxes collected and
returns.
ii. Income from Services: Revenue is recognized as and when the Services are rendered as per
the terms of the individual Service Contract.
iii. Interest: Interest Income is recognisedon a timeproportion basis taking into account the amount
outstanding and the rate applicable.
i) Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that
necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised
as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they
occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the
borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an
adjustment to the borrowing costs.
j) Retirement and other employee benefits:
i. Employer''s contribution to Provident Fund/Employee State Insurance, which is in the nature of
defined contribution scheme is expensed off when the contributions to the respective funds are
due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the fund.
ii. The company operates a gratuity plan which is in the nature of defined benefit obligation. The
company''s liability is provided based on independent actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year as per the requirements of Ind AS 19 on âEmployee
Benefits".
ili. Gratuity liability is considered as post-employment benefit expense as per Ind AS -19. Accordingly,
re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial
assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive
income. They are included in the retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in
the balance sheet.
iv. Accumulated leaves, which are expected to be utilised within the next twelve months, are treated
as short-term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences
as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has
accumulated at the reporting date.
The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months,
as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated
absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method
at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss
and are not deferred.
k) Earnings Per Share:
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to equity
shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the profit for the period attributable to equity
shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted
for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Mar 31, 2014
A) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the'' results of operations during'' the
reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s
best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could
differ from these estimates.
b) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be), less accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses
if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of
bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are
ready to be put to use.
c) Depreciation
i. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Written down
Value/Straight Line method as per Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
ii. Fixed Assets costing rupees Five thousand or less are fully
depreciated in the year of acquisition.
d) Intangible Assets:
Computer Software : Costs incurred towards purchase of Computer
software are amortised using straight line method based on Management''s
estimate of useful lives of such software, which ranges from 3 to 5
years.
e) Prior period items
All items of income/expenditure pertaining to prior period, which are
material, are accounted through "prior period adjustments" and the
others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and
Loss Account.
f) Inventories
i. Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of
cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials and other items
held for use in the production of inventories are not written down
below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated
are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO
basis.
ii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products, loose tools
and other stock in trade are valued at lower of cost and net realizable
value.
iii. Cost includes direct materials, labor and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is
determined on a FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods includes excise
duty wherever applicable. Cost of traded goods includes purchase and
allied costs incurred to bring inventory to its present condition and
location.
iv. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the
ordinary course of business, less estimated selling costs.
g) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted:
I. Sale of Goods: Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer, which generally
coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and value
added tax/sales tax and is net of sales returns and discounts.
II. Income from Services: Revenue is recognized as and the Services
rendered as per the terms of individual Service Contract. Income from
Services is accounted inclusive of service tax.
III. Interest: Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
h) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits
i. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year.
ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no
other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided on an estimated
basis. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary
as at the end of the year.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
i) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of Fixed Assets, which take substantial
period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized.
Other Borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which
they are incurred.
j) Segment Reporting Policies
i. Identification of Segments:
The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets.
The analysis of geographical segment is based on the geographical
location of the customers. The geographical segments considered for
disclosure are as follows:
" Sales within India include sales to customers located within India.
" Sales outside India include sales to customers located outside India.
ii. Allocation of Common Costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
iii. Unallocated Items:
Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not
allocated to any business segment:
k) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term and vice versa.
l) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted)
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
m) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using indirect method. Cash and Cash
equivalents in the Cash flow statement comprise cash at bank,
cash/cheques in hand and Fixed Deposits with Banks
n) Taxes on Income
Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act 1961
enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current
year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income
for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company
has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred
tax assets are recognised only, if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised
against future taxable profits.
o) Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded
when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for
the asset are no longer exist or have decreased.
p) Provisions
A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a
result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
q) Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements.
Mar 31, 2013
A) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the'' results of operations during'' the
reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s
best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could
differ from these estimates.
b) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be), less accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses
if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of
bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are
ready to be put to use.
c) Depreciation
i. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Written down
Value/Straight Line method as per Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
ii. Fixed Assets costing rupees Five thousand or less are fully
depreciated in the year of acquisition.
d) Prior period items
All items of income/expenditure pertaining tp prior period, which are
material, are accounted through "prior period adjustments" and the
others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and
Loss Account.
e) Inventories
i. Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of
cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials and other items
held for use in the production of inventories are not written down
below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated
are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO
basis.
ii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products, loose tools
and other stock in trade are valued at lower of cost and net realizable
value.
iii. Cost includes direct materials, labor and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is
determined on a FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods includes excise
duty wherever applicable. Cost of traded goods includes purchase and
allied costs incurred to bring inventory to its present condition and
location.
iv. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated selling costs.
f) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted:
I. Sale of Goods: Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer, which generally
coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and value
added tax/sales tax and is net of sales returns and discounts.
II. Income from Services: Revenue is recognized as and the Services
rendered as per the terms of individual Service Contract. Income from
Services is accounted inclusive of service tax.
III. Interest: Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
g) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits
i. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year.
ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no
other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided on an estimated
basis. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary
as at the end of the year.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
h) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of Fixed Assets, which take substantial
period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized.
Other Borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which
they are incurred.
i) Segment Reporting Policies
i. Identification of Segments :
The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets.
The analysis of geographical segment is based on the geographical
location of the customers. The geographical segments considered for
disclosure are as follows: " Sales within India include sales to
customers located within India. " Sales outside India include sales to
customers located outside India.
ii. Allocation of Common Costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
iii. Unallocated Items:
Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not
allocated to any business segment:
j) Leases Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all
the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified
as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an
expense in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over
the lease term and vice versa.
k) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted)
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the
purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
I) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows reported using indirect method. Cash and Cash equivalents in
the Cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash/cheques in hand and
Fixed Deposits with Banks
m) Taxes on Income
Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act 1961
enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current
year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income
for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company
has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred
tax assets are recognised only, if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised
against future taxable profits.
n) Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded
when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for
the asset are no longer exist or have decreased.
o) Provisions
A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a
result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
p) Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements.
Mar 31, 2012
A) Change in accounting policy: Presentation and disclosure of
financial statements: During the year ended 31 March 2012, the revised
Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act 1956, has become
applicable to the company, for preparation and presentation of its
financial statements. The adoption of revised Schedule VI does not
impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation
of financial statements. However, it has significant impact on
presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The
company has also reclassified the previous year figures in accordance
with the requirements applicable in the current year
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during' the
reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management's
best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could
differ from these estimates.
c) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be), less accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses
if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of
bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are
ready to be put to use.
d) Depreciation
i. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Written down
Value/Straight Line method as per Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
ii. Fixed Assets costing rupees Five thousand or less are fully
depredated in the year of acquisition.
e) Inventories
i. Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of
cost and net realizable value. However, raw materials and other items
held for use in the production of inventories are not written down
below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated
are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO
basis.
ii. Finished goods. Work in progress. Scrap, by-products, loose tools
and other stock in trade are valued at lower of cost and net realizable
value.
iii. Cost includes direct materials, labor and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is
determined on a FIFO basis and Cost of finished goods includes excise
duty wherever applicable. Cost of traded goods includes purchase and
allied costs incurred to bring inventory to its present condition and
location.
iv. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated selling costs.
f) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted:
I. Sale of Goods : Revenue is recognized when the significant risks
and rewards of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer, which
generally coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty
and value added tax/sales tax and is net of sales returns and
discounts.
II. Income from Services : Revenue is recognized as and the Services
rendered as per the terms of individual Service Contract. Income from
Services is accounted inclusive of service tax.
III. Interest: Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
g) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits
i. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year.
ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no
other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided on an estimated
basis. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary
as at the end of the year.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
h) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of Fixed Assets, which take substantial
period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized.
Other Borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which
they are incurred.
i) Segment Reporting Policies
i. Identification of Segments:
The Company's operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets.
The analysis of geographical segment is based on the geographical
location of the customers. The geographical segments considered for
disclosure are as follows:
- Sales within India include sales to customers located within India.
- Sales outside India include sales to customers located outside India.
ii. Allocation of Common Costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
iii. Unallocated Items:
Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not
allocated to any business segment:
j) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term and vice versa.
k) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted)
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
l) Taxes on Income
Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act 1961
enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current
year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income
for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company
has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred
tax assets are recognised only, if there is virtual certainty supported
by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised
against future taxable profits.
m) Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded
when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for
the asset are no longer exist or have decreased.
n) Provisions
A provision is recognised when there is a present obligation as a
result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
o) Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized
because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not
recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
financial statements.
p) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using indirect method. Cash and cash
equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank,
cash/cheques in hand and Fixed Deposits with Banks.
q) Prior period items
All items of income/expenditure pertaining to prior period, which are
material, are accounted through "prior period adjustments" and the
others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and
Loss Account.
Mar 31, 2010
A) Basis of Accounting
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified accounting standards by Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules 2006 (as amended) and relevant provisions
of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared
in accordance with the generally accepted Accounting Principles in
India under the historical cost convention on accrual basis, except in
case of assets for which provision for impairment is made and
revaluation is carried out. The accounting policies are consistent with
those used in the previous year.
b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of
financial statements and the results of operations during the
reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon managements
best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could
differ from these estimates.
c) Fixed Assets
Fixed assests are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be), less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost to bring the
asset to its working condition for its intended use.
Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also
included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are
ready to be put to use.
d) Depreciation
i. Depreciation of Fixed Assets except Technical Know-how and Library
is provided on Written down Value / Straight Line method as per
Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. Technicial know-how fees and
cost of Library are written off over a period of 10 years equally
commencing from the year in which they are acquired.
ii. Fixed Assets costing rupees Five thousand or less are fully
depreciated in the year of acquistion.
e) Prior period items
All items of income / expenditure pertaining to prior period, which are
material, are accounted through "Prior period adjustments" and the
others are shown under respective heads of account in the Profit and
Loss Account.
f) Contingent Liabilities
The contingent liabilities are indicated by way of a note and will be
provided / paid on crystalisation.
g) Impairment
i. The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal /
external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and
value in use.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are
discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of
capital. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the? revised
carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
ii. Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded
when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for
the asset are no longer exist or have decreased.
h) Inventories
i. Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of
cost and net realisable value. However, raw materials and other items
held for use in the production of inventories are not written down
below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated
are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on FIFO
basis.
ii. Finished goods, Work in progress, Scrap, by-products, loose tools
and other stock in trade are valued at lower of cost and net realizable
value.
iii. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is
determined on a FIFO basis and cost of finished goods includes excise
duty wherever applicable. Cost of traded goods includes purchase and
allied costs incurred to bring inventory to its present condition and
location.
iv. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated selling costs.
i) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Specifically the following basis is adopted.
i. Sale of Goods : Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer, which generally
coincides with delivery. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and value
added tax / sales tax and is net of sales returns and discounts.
ii. Interest: Revenue is recognised on a time proporation basis taking
into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
j) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of Fixed Assets, which take substaintial
period of time to get ready for their intended use, are capitalized.
Other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense in the year in which
they are incurred.
k) Segment Reporting Policies
i. Identification of Segments:
The Companys operating businesses are organized and managed seperately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets.
The analysis of geographical segment is based on the geographical
location of the customers. The geographical segments considered for
disclosure are as follows.
. Sales within india include sales to customers located within indja
. Sales outside india include sales to customers located outside india.
ii. Allocation of Common Costs :
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
iii. Unallocated Items :
Includes general corporate income and expense items which arenot
allocated to any business segment.
I) Retirement and Other Employee itenefits
i. Gratuity liabilty is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year.
ii. The Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the
contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no
other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
trusts.
iii. Short term compensated absences are provided on an estimated
basis. Long term compensated absencees are provided for based on
actuarial valuation on project unit credit method carried by an actuary
as at the end of the year.
iv. Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
m) Leases :
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the profit and loss account on a straight - line basis over the
lease term.
n) Taxes on income :
Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
tax authoritites in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act 1961
enacted in india. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current
year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income
for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Defferred tax assets
are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty
that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which
such deffered tax assets can be realised. If the Company has carry
forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax assets
are recognised only, if there is virtual certainty supported by
convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be realised
against future taxable profits.
o) Provisions :
A provision is recognsied when there is a present obligation as a
result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
p) Earnings per Share (Basic and Diluted) :
Basic earnings per share are calcuated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per-share, the net
profit or loss for the period attribuatble to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
q) Cash Flow Statement;
Cash flows are reported using indirect method. Gash and cash
equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at bank,
cash/cheques in hand and Fixed Deposits with Banks.
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ഓഹരി വിപണിയിൽ വൻ കുതിപ്പ്: സെൻസെക്സും നിഫ്റ്റിയും കുതിച്ചുയരുന്നു, നിക്ഷേപകർക്ക് വൻ നേട്ടം -
വിപണിയിൽ വൻ ചാഞ്ചാട്ടം; ഐടി ഓഹരികളുടെ കുതിപ്പിനിടെ നിക്ഷേപകർ ഉറ്റുനോക്കുന്ന ആ നിർണ്ണായക തീരുമാനം ഇതാ! -
കോൾ ഇന്ത്യ സെറ്റിൽമെന്റും വാഹന വിൽപന കണക്കുകളും; നിഫ്റ്റിയിൽ ഇന്ന് വൻ മാറ്റങ്ങൾക്ക് സാധ്യതയോ? -
വെള്ളിയാഴ്ചത്തെ വിപണി തകർച്ച: നിക്ഷേപകരുടെ പണം ഒലിച്ചുപോയോ? സെൻസെക്സ് വീഴ്ചയ്ക്ക് പിന്നിലെ ഞെട്ടിക്കുന്ന കാരണങ്ങൾ ഇതാ! -
സെൻസെക്സ് ഇടിവ് തുടരുമോ? തിങ്കളാഴ്ച വിപണിയിൽ വൻ മാറ്റങ്ങൾക്ക് സാധ്യത, നിക്ഷേപകർ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങൾ ഇതാ! -
സെൻസെക്സും നിഫ്റ്റിയും കുതിക്കുന്നു; ഓഹരി വിപണിയിലെ ഈ വമ്പൻ മുന്നേറ്റത്തിന് പിന്നിലെ യഥാർത്ഥ കാരണം ഇതാണ്! -
മൺസൂൺ കാറ്റിൽ വിപണി കുതിക്കുമോ? നിക്ഷേപകർ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട നിർണ്ണായക മാറ്റങ്ങളും ഐപിഒ അവസരങ്ങളും ഇതാ! -
വിപണിയിൽ വൻ കുതിപ്പ്; സെൻസെക്സും നിഫ്റ്റിയും റെക്കോർഡ് ഉയരത്തിലേക്ക്, നിക്ഷേപകർക്ക് ഇനി എന്ത് സംഭവിക്കും? -
ഓഹരി വിപണിയിൽ കടുത്ത ചാഞ്ചാട്ടം; നിക്ഷേപകർക്ക് ആശങ്കയോ അതോ അവസരമോ? സെൻസെക്സ് നൽകുന്ന സൂചനകൾ ഇതാ! -
വിപണിയിൽ വൻ തകർച്ച; നിക്ഷേപകരെ ഞെട്ടിച്ച് സെൻസെക്സും നിഫ്റ്റിയും കൂപ്പുകുത്തിയതെങ്ങനെ? -
വിപണിയിൽ തളർച്ച, പക്ഷേ ഓട്ടോ ഓഹരികളിൽ വൻ കുതിപ്പ്; നിക്ഷേപകർക്ക് ഇനി എന്ത് സംഭവിക്കും? -
മെയ് 8: വിപണിയിൽ കുതിപ്പിന് സാധ്യതയോ? നിക്ഷേപകർ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട നിർണ്ണായക ഘടകങ്ങൾ ഇതാ! -
വിപണിയിൽ കനത്ത ഇടിവ്; നിക്ഷേപകരെ ആശങ്കയിലാക്കി സെൻസെക്സും നിഫ്റ്റിയും കൂപ്പുകുത്തി -
വിപണിയിൽ കാളക്കൂറ്റന്മാരുടെ തിരിച്ചുവരവ്; നിഫ്റ്റിയും സെൻസെക്സും കുതിച്ചുയർന്നത് എങ്ങനെ? -
വിപണിയിൽ വൻ കുതിപ്പിന് കളമൊരുങ്ങുന്നു; ഈ ഓഹരികൾ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കാതെ പോകരുത്! -
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